Y

　　yellow - ad. having the color like that of gold or the sun

　　yes - ad. used to express agreement or to permit

　　yesterday - n. the day before today

　　yet - ad. at some time before now （"Have they arrived yet?"）; now; at this time （"I cannot tell you about it yet."）; conj. however （"The sun was shining, yet it was cold."）

　　you - pro. the person or persons being spoken to

　　young - ad. in the early years of life; not old

　　Z

　　zoo - n. a place where animals are kept for the public to look at and study

　　Common Prefixes

　　dis - not （dishonest, disobey）

　　pro - for, supporting （pro-labor, pro-government）

　　re - to do again （reorganize, reunite）

　　self - used to show that the person or group acting is the one affected by the action, or to show that the action is done only by its own effort or power （self-declared, self-appointed）

　　un - not （unusual, unhappy）

　　Common Expressions

　　carry out - to do; to put into effect （"Please carry out the plan."）

　　pass a bill - approve （"Congress is expected to pass a bill to cut taxes."）

　　take steps - to start to do something （"The government will take steps to halt inflation."）

　　Words Used in VOA Special English Science Programs

　　atom - a very small part of all things; the smallest part of an element that can join with parts of other elements

　　bacteria - living things that are one cell and can be seen only through a microscope; some cause disease

　　cell - a small mass of living material that is part of all plants and animals

　　chromosome - a line of genes; most human cells contain 46 chromosomes

　　compound - a substance containing two or more elements

　　dense - close together; thick

　　electron - a small part of an atom that has an electrical force

　　element - one of more than 100 substances known to science that cannot be separated into other substances

　　enzyme - a special kind of protein; it produces changes in other substances without being changed itself

　　fetus - unborn young

　　fission - a splitting; in atomic fission, the nucleus of an atom is split to produce nuclear energy

　　fusion - a joining together; in atomic fusion, atomic particles are joined together to produce nuclear energy

　　genes - parts of cells that control the growth and development of living things; genes from the mother and father are passed to the child; genes contain nucleic acid

　　genetic engineering - the science of changing the genes of a living organism

　　gravity - the force that pulls things toward the center of the earth

　　image - a reproduction of the appearance of a person or thing

　　laser - an instrument that makes a thin, powerful light

　　magnet - a piece of iron or other material that has a pulling force; this pulling force is called magnetism

　　molecule - the smallest amount of a chemical substance that can exist

　　nerve - a thin piece of tissue that sends information through the body to and from the brain

　　nucleus - the center part of an atom or cell

　　nucleic acid - a molecule that holds the genetic information necessary for life; there are two kinds of nucleic acid: DNA （deoxyribonucleic acid） and RNA （ribonucleic acid）

　　nutrient - a food or substance that makes plants, humans or animals grow

　　organ - a part of the body that has a special purpose, such as the heart or brain

　　organism - a living thing, often so small it can be seen only through a microscope

　　particle - a very small piece of matter

　　proteins - substances responsible for the growth of tissue and for fixing damaged tissue

　　robot - a machine that moves and performs tasks

　　tissue - living material; a group of cells that are similar in appearance and do the same thing

　　virus - a kind of organism that causes disease

　　x-rays - a kind of radiation that can pass through most solid materials, often used in medicine

　　Organs of the Body

　　heart - pumps blood through the body

　　intestines - tubes through which food passes after it is broken down in the stomach; part of the intestines also remove solid wastes from the body

　　kidney - cleans liquid wastes from the body

　　liver - makes some proteins and enzymes; removes poisons from the blood

　　lung - takes in and expels air from the body

　　prostate - a part of the male reproductive system

　　stomach - breaks down food for the body to use

　　uterus - a part of the female reproductive system where a fetus develops

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